NOT JUST A FLASH IN THE PAN


PP/FF: An Anthology
edited by Peter Conners
Starcherone Books, Buffalo NY, $20, pp. 237


PP/FF, which sounds like shorthand for some obscure and unsavoury club-scene, stands for Prose Poetry / Flash Fiction. Prose poetry has existed since the 17th century or something, and has been steadily gaining popularity both in the UK and the USA as a published and taught form. I'm not sure about the continent. I guess they've never been as hung-up on strict definitions as we are.

Conversely, flash fiction (or the short-short) has been popular since its inception (around 1992). Firstly, its creation was the result of numerous competitions and anthologies - and everyone loves prizes. Secondly, it's easy to teach as the stories are extremely short, thus perfect for classroom discussion, plus it avoids all the messy, boring issues of codification, semiotics and debatable formal history that plague prose poetry. It's just a short story, only shorter.

In the early 00's, civil war was declared after a flash fiction writer published a prose poem in APR
. The prose poem had an alarmingly clear narrative arc. This was deemed an unmistakable act of aggression by prose poets who felt that an example should be made. They retaliated - and many felt this was out of proportion - by setting up a journal dedicated to prose poetry to the exception of flash fiction. A mock peace-treaty was drafted by David Lehman in 2003 (disguised as an introduction to Great American Prose Poems) in which he argued that flash fiction is just a pejorative name for prose poetry anyway, so what's all the fuss about? (However, experimental fiction writers couldn't help but notice that Great American Prose Poems didn't contain a single piece that could be accurately described as flash fiction). While delegates from both parties signed, neither has retired their weapons. I'm sure you've all been following the power-struggle with the tenacity of a front-line journalist.

This anthology makes a profound case for de-classification - but it does so by cobbling the two forms together as PP/FF
, 'balanced on a makeshift teeter-totter that never lands.' And that bothers me - because if anything it emphasises the wishy-washy divide between prose poetry and flash fiction while claiming to disregard it. Simultaneously, it gives the editor green-card to publish whatever he pleases, provided it's under, say, 10 pages and uses dashes instead of speech marks, etc. I'm not sure that this contributes to the debate so much as [deep sigh] redrafts the territory from scratch again - just like everything that's ever been written about prose poetry. So, although I think this is a great collection of writing, I'm going to rant about that for a bit.


RANT

Peter Conners's introduction to PP/FF
is refreshingly anti-marketing. He boldly states, 'I have no interest in creating new confinements. Rather, I would argue that strict adherence to given definitions of form and genre (prefabricated marketing boxes), are debilitating to a writer's creativity and do a disservice to readers. Genre is easier to sell, to teach, to quantify and review, but what does it have to do with creating new art?'

A truly noble sentiment. Why not, in fact, just publish the anthology as 101 Kick-Ass Poems
or Poets I Think You Should Read? Oh, yeah, because 'genre is easier to sell.' Conners, you old trickster! Of course, his point is an aesthetic one; he argues that prose poetry is at risk of stagnating - that a series of rules and strictures have been drafted up to squeeze the life out of it. It's difficult to gage the severity (and accuracy) of this threat as Conners doesn't specify who's doing the rule-making. Other creative writing programs at other universities, presumably. I expect they'll be bringing out their own anthologies pretty soon.

A friend asked me why prose poetry is considered a 'genre' when no other form of poetry is considered a 'genre' and when not even the novel
is considered a 'genre', it's a form. The short story is a form. A genre is like science-fiction and Westerns and stuff like that, right? Poetry isn't a genre, is it? So where the hell does prose poetry get off calling itself a genre? Isn't that like calling painting-with-your-feet a genre when actually it's just a particularly silly form of painting which is itself a form, not a genre? Painting sad-faced clowns - that's a genre. What is it with prose poets? Why do they think they're so damn important?

I shrugged. 'What about flash-fiction?' I asked her. 'That's a genre, isn't it?'

'Flash-fiction!' she spat. 'What the hell is flash-fiction? That's the stupidest name for a literary movement I've ever heard!'

And then she left the room.

When you stake out a territory, you have to start by saying that everyone else is wrong: that the territory they have already staked out is a pretty crummy sort of territory: that it ignores unignorable talents X
, Y and Z (with whom you went to college), that it passes over entire races and cultures without noticing that they write poetry too, and that the editors are, one way or another, misguided poltroons. They have overcomplicated or oversimplified the field, they have put their beacons too close together and/or used the wrong kind of fencing. On the whole, they are lousy academics and probably, if their editing methods are anything to go by, lousy human beings, too.

This obscurist backbiting - often louder and more energetic than the work itself - is why nobody gives a fuck about poetry.

Other than poets, natch. Anyway, there are two ways of proving to the interested reader that your contemporaries are wrong. 1. You take their points one by one and knock them down; you find fault in specific instances, maybe focusing on a small, stupid part of their argument and beating them to death with it. You out-do them as a scholar, as a culturally-sensitive egalitarian, as a parent, probably - but you do this through specific examples of their wrong-headedness. You quote from their text and follow it with a withering put down. For the likes of me, this beats computer games and wind-surfing a fun way to spend an afternoon.

2. You dismiss their whole approach and everyone else's with it, maybe even suggesting that the very act of staking out territory is unhelpful and irrelevant; that the war-music of introductions that must precede anthologies is just so much empty rhetoric and show-boating. You achieve this through empty rhetoric and show-boating. All is vanity.

Although the latter method appears the more Philistine, it is, in truth, subtler than the first - for you state that your opponent's argument, indeed their whole approach, is so wrong it's not even worth engaging with - and all the while, you are sneakily staking out your own territory which, (whoops!) may suddenly become the dominant ethos. Once you've established that you are:

Wise;
Self-effacing;
Non-partisan;
Anti-academic (although you do teach a bit
on a few writing programs, but that doesn't count, right?)

You've got yourself looking like a pretty marketable messiah. You're going to save rock and roll- I mean politics- I mean poetry. Of course, what you're really trying to save is marketing
itself. Maybe it won't sound mawkish and insincere when you do it. Maybe you'll even avoid references to Greek mythology in your editorial and steer clear of painting out people who can't decide whether to write poetry or prose as some kind of heroes. Ha!

Anyway, in a poetic terrain scarred and pock-marked with boundaries upon fences upon envelopes, all being pushed and stretched and dug-over by so many exciting young and old poets, this approach is becoming increasingly popular: Everything you thought you knew about prose poetry is wrong - and these writers are going to tell you why! In really loud voices!

So when I say Peter Conners's introduction to PP/FF is refreshingly anti-marketing, you know I'm saying it with a confused expression on my face.


ANTI-RANT

In a way, though, that's sort of his point. Look past the fist-gnawingly awful references to prose poet / flash-fiction writers as 'followers of Orpheus' and you find an editor just putting out a collection of work that he thinks is good. And most of it is
good. In fact, a lot of it's really good.

But the landscape painted out in the introduction isn't altogether accurate. Yes, the prose poem is growing in popularity; yes, it has its own journals and modules on creative writing courses, but there is no turf war. There are just perfectly affable academics and students pootling around with a poetic form, just as they might pootle around with a sestina or a pantoum. The only thing that makes it a turf war is when writers say
it's a turf war in their editorials (in which they invariably disparage this turf war and call it a crying shame).

The fact is, Conners could have published this anthology as American Prose Poems
(or maybe Better American Prose Poems) and nobody would have batted an eyelid. Nobody would have said, 'Hey, wait a second, some of these so-called prose poems are actually flash-fiction! I want my money back!'

What about Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell
? And Auden's The Orators? And Rimbaud's A Season in Hell? They were all pretty long and arguably quite narrative oriented. Some of Baudelaire's Spleens were, what, ten, twelve pages long? And they were more like erudite opinion columns in a Sunday broadsheet than poems. Prose poetry has always been an eclectic, baffling thing - and nobody is trying to pretend otherwise. Anyone I know who's taught prose poetry as a form has taken an admirably broad approach; if anything, they've focused above all on the form's broadness of content and style.

So an anti-agenda is still an agenda. Just remember that when Peter Conners accidentally becomes president of the International Prose Poetry Symposium and Dinner Club
, okay? And when he renames it the PP/FF Symposium and Dinner Club, I'll be there to say I told you so.

Actually I believe Conners should
be aiming high. He's got great taste - this is far better than the other prose poetry anthologies I've read recently. If anything he should be aiming higher. What kind of title is PP/FF? And who's going to be interested in something that wears its genre/form politics so emblazoned on its sleeve, even while protesting their irrelevance to creating new art?

People like me, that's who. Opinionated PhD students and people who go to creative writing conferences. The kind of person who can't write an introduction to a review in less than 2,000 words. And there's a bigger, better audience than us who will probably be put off and miss out on some great writers - writers who deserve the attention.

*

To atone for my rant (and for the fact that anthologies never get reviewed in any kind of detail) I'm going to go through every single prose poem in PP/FF
, write a mini review of it and give it a grade on the American high-school system (so that's A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D+, D, D- and, if anything really stinks, F. Although I prefer D- because it's the grade Peppermint Patty was always getting in Peanuts.) Conners's introduction, which is well-researched and sly, gets a B. He drops a grade for being rhetorically sneaky and for mentioning Orpheus.

*

Fedora
by Stuart Dybek

Beautiful noirish Western casting the reader as lone assassin. Lots of sunlight and harmonicas. Plot compressed through stock images - nonetheless visually and aurally lovely and a great ending. To quote would spoil it.

A+

*

Sister Francetta and the Pig Baby
by Kenneth Bernard

The 'Nun Story' should be a sub-genre of American literature. This is a particularly good one - a memoir beginning with Sister Francetta's cautionary tales, half remembered. 'The pig baby is still with me. It was different from her other stories. For example, it had no moral, it was just there: there had once been a baby with a pig head.' Numbered list of permutations is quite McSweeney's (as in the website / journal - quirky faux-naif American irony - my favourite kind). Enjoyable and well written - and I didn't find myself wishing I was reading something else. That's rare with poetry.

A

*

Apolegit
by Joyelle McSweeney

Joyelle McSweeney is one of the many names here gathered I'd come across before. She writes surreal stream-of-consciousness stuff like this: 'A dog with extra heads lolled uselessly at the Donut Hole. Give that dog a lemon and he'll fish for a week.' Which I think is nice. At times her tone seems accidental and automatic, but it's actually finely crafted. More metonymic than metaphorical - the images surround the meaning and sort of ambush it. 'I hate how your words run mealywormed out of your lips around your cigarette like rats from a burning ship: smoking and bitching.' Her linguistic ingenuity and brilliant visual chaos puts me in mind of David Gascoyne and the French Surrealists he translated - she also shares a kind of mock-biblical tone, but adds a modern, American sensibility. Great.

A+

*

We Make Mud
by Peter Markus

The Fable - very much a recognised form of prose poetry, and one which muddies the waters between prose poems and short-fiction.

This is a perfectly serviceable example - 1st person narrator (with a backward-sounding voice) delivers the account of some brothers making a woman out of mud. It's a little too long and the repetitive voice gets pretty tired: 'Sons, our father says this to us. I'm making mud, he says. I'm making mud, he tells us, and I'm making, with this mud, I'm making, out of mud, a house for us to call our own. A mud house, our father calls it.' Like a Russell Edson cast-off.

C+

*

The Source of Authority
by Diane Williams

Good use of cubist fragmentation - monologue of someone ill / confused. 'It feels so unsexual to complain, but when the weather is bad I go walking.' The phrases are superbly unexpected and askew. Subtle personification of the lake. However, the last line ('I am trying to be independent. Is that wrong?') is completely unnecessary and should be cut.

B+

*

Das Lied Einer Mutter
by George Looney

Another sub-genre: 'Paragraph in the Life of...' - characterised by low-level absurdism. 'Mozart hears the wind in a bottle of cheap burgundy at four in the morning.' Nice peacocks.

B-

*

Drive
by Jessica Treat

Second-person narrative about a woman picking up a hitch-hiker after nearly running him over. He has a British accent. (I'm afraid the exoticism is lost on me). You '...start to believe it must have been fated, your bumping into this stranger from out of nowhere...' Good stuff about 'magical thinking' - but tone of coy implication gets a bit Sex in the City
.

C

*

Hinges
by Sean Thomas Dougherty

Sub-genre 3: Poems About How Great Music Is. In this case, Blues music is great. It makes sauces spicier, it blows doors open. 'Angel the whore licking strawberry jam off a spoon, blue alimony payments, blue electric bills and fancy pants.' So far, so Beat Generation. Tad anachronistic, perhaps, but nicely done. I'm yet to read a PAHGMI that's actually as good as just listening to music.

C

*

Lyric Poetry After Auschwitz or: 'Get the Hood Back On'
by Kent Johnson

Horrifying - like the photographs that inspired it. Seven voices of American soldiers speaking to their victims in Abu-Ghraib. The kind of thing that completely ruins your day by forcing you (in a matronly sort of way) to consider the evil and hypocrisy at the heart of the human race. The monologues start out casual, full of pop-psychology and bonhomie: 'What's up, Ramal, I'm an American boy [...] I want to be upfront with you because I believe that honesty is the best policy.' [sickening description of torture as already depicted in infamous photographs follows.]


I'm in two minds about this poem - I go from thinking it's a pretty good performance of outrage to thinking a school pupil could (and probably has) written it as an English project. I don't know. Maybe we have more dissident English teachers in Britain and American adults really need this kind of poem.

The final paragraph is in the same style, but seems to be trying for a kind of self-referential joke. 'Hi there, Madid, I'm an American poet, twentyish, early to mid-thirtyish, fortyish to seventyish...' The poet talks about how many things he's had published before saying he's going to beat Madid to death with one of his books. I'm not entirely sure what Johnson's point is here. If he's angry with poets for not engaging more with current affairs, he's not making a very good case for doing so here. Did any of you need a poet to tell you to be appalled about Abu-Ghraib? Me neither.

If he's angry with himself, fair enough.

B-

*

The Neighbour's Dog
by Jamey Dunham

Dunham has a rubbish poem in Great American Prose Poems
about a family of possums. I use it whenever I need an example of Bad Surrealism. This, on the other hand, is lovely. 'A child is a dog if you look hard enough. A dog with a matchbook of fireflies, playing in a field.' Lyrical and visually pleasing. 'In the air above your forehead, your breath twists like a doll on a shoe-string.' I shan't be judging people by one poem again. Apart from in this review, obviously.

B+

*

Leaving Places
by Anthony Tognazzini

The most narrative thing so far - lovely scale of images and incidental details. Pleasantly absurd dialogue. A light-hearted meditation on leaving and returning (the details that become important) that manages to be profound - 'But you only notice these things if you are paying close attention, the kind of attention you give to a place just before you leave.' - as well as funny. Masterful use of tone.

A

*

Moonflower
by Kathleen McGookey

Ponderous recollections with even more ponderous
self-questioning italics in brackets. Feh! Possible typing error: 'The smell grew worse every day. (Did it? Or do I only think it did?) My brother and my husband hated it, but I thought the vine couldn't predict my mother's death.' You thought it couldn't predict? A perfectly ordinary, smelly vine, then. Mopey.

D

*

Story Barkers: A Report from the Field
by Brian Evenson

This is an Iowa Writers Program send-up. A 'barker' is some kind of industrial sanding machine - here used to remove style
as opposed to rough edges - geddit? Evenson has taken an industry report and replaced key words - a good process for prose poetry that often yields amusing results. 'Developed primarily for use with longer, looser stories, a large machine which removes style by pounding it off is being used by one operator in the Iowa workshops.'

Seems like someone has a grudge to settle. Let's check the 'About the Author' pages. Oh. He's director of the Literary Arts Program at Brown.

As the British creative writing market grows, we'd better prepare ourselves for a slew of this kind of thing, maybe with some pre-emptive strikes. First target? University of East Anglia.

Four pages is far too long for one gag. Funny but a bit depressing.

B-

*

Big 32
by Ander Monson

Ten pages long. Thirty-two temperatures and the memories and feelings they evoke. Northern Michigan - where the narrator's wife works as a road-defroster. '-11: tears freeze complete; nosehairs froze twenty degrees ago; so crying will get you nowhere like her dad's dead dad used to say.' A pleasure to gradually piece together the narrative. Quite notebook-like, at times, maybe could have been edited down a bit. However, this is a great example of prose poetry's range - the journal entry / process / list-poem coming together in one genuinely engaging and interesting work.

A-

*

The Laughing Alphabet
by Noah Eli Gordon

Lovely title and sense of the absurd: 'This is what I recall about snow inside a very small tiger...' But the poem becomes increasingly pedestrian (it turns out the very small tiger is a pattern being woven into a tapestry) and more abstract '...amplitude with which one unmaking a very small tiger replaces the paradox of an exact replica with its opposite...'

Which I think is pulling in both wrong directions at the same time. Become crazier and more concrete.

B-

*

The Least Sneaky of Things
by Gary Lutz

The teacher has 'stumpy, yellow, mortal chalks' - and I know that's sort of bad and excessive on purpose, but it bores me. Circling, maddening language that seems to pastiche the act of writing itself: 'Only two further things need saying to clamp down even more on it - how the man would have otherwise gone on feeling sure of what was just too much to ask.' Makes me impatient - I'm sick of deliberately ugly, ambiguous sentences. All they do is point out how difficult it is to ever really say what you mean with language. And so many poets seem content to repeat this for their entire careers. (While simultaneously writing passionate, eloquent defences of their aesthetic in, quelle surprise
, Standard Written English, so I guess language must be good for something).

Everyone
knows how hard it is to say what you mean. I thought poets were supposed to find ways of saying it in spite of that. The lines are too close together.

C-

*

Shadowlawn
by Mark Tursi

Tursi is the Dean Young of prose poetry, complete with references to Donald Duck. Some really great lines here: 'we're stuck to the future like a thud' and 'Space is big. There's no way to fill it without morals.'

Second paragraph gets a little tired - too much abstract wandering and personal memory between the good bits. 'Our foreknowledge set the past in motion, and we grabbed our things, threw them into one rucksack...' Sounds like a teenage Goth talking about going camping.

But then improves no end: 'Here at Shadowland the question is always: O what awful thing are they doing now?
' Good stuff.

B+

*

Prairie Shapes, A Flash Novel
by Darryl Scroggins

Fifteen pages and twenty chapters, but could still pass for a prose poem if you ask me - it's disjointed enough. Fable / fairy tale. Traditional quest narratives sort of bleed into one another. 'Before sunrise the man packed a lunch of bread and hard cheese, and drew water for his canteen. He left a note for the sleeping woman that said he would return soon with something she didn't have.'

He gets lost. Impenetrable adventures ensue. Nicely done.

B+

*

Triptych for Frances Bacon
by Morgan Lucas Schuldt

This kind of Art Poetry doesn't so much respond to the work in question as try to borrow from its aura. Usually it somehow detracts from the painting rather than adding anything to your appreciation of it, in the same way explaining a joke kills the joke.

'If shape is a finished thing, what is this? A black background, a few white verticals, a few horizontals lending depth to darkness.'

And then, 'Interrogator? Lover? Pontiff? Something insubstantial. Isolated.' This would be less boring if the poet had chosen a less famous artist and the poetry was inspired by their work instead of vaguely describing it like a museum-guide after too much coffee.

D

*

Excerpt from Quinn's Passage
by Kazim Ali

Man browsing in bookstore makes eye-contact with other man. Lots of memories and future projections in fragments spaced out on the page. I really need to find another word for 'fragments'. A bit pretentious: 'He is beautiful
.' Six carriage-returns later: 'I am alone.' Poets can't even pick up dates in bookshops! Ha ha ha!

C

*

The Mother
by Lydia Davis

Dreadful. If you wrote this as a parody of bad prose poetry, you'd be accused of gross gender prejudice - and quite rightly:

'The girl wrote a story. 'But how much better it would be if you wrote a novel,' said her mother. The girl built a doll's house. 'But how much better if it were a real house,' her mother said. The girl made a small pillow for her father. 'But wouldn't a quilt be more practical?' said her mother...'

Hey Davis, your mother's on the phone - she says, 'Wouldn't it be so much better if you were less self-absorbed and more talented?'

D-

*

The Black Cat
by Joanna Howard

Like a 1920's suspense story directed by Kenneth Anger. There's an American and possibly his wife and a Hungarian aristocrat and an Occultist. Eight chapters over five pages. It begins:

'In unseasonable torrents, the car overturns on the road at the foot of a long curling driveway, the chauffeur's head crushed against the glass. The passengers are unscathed. Thank God, says the American. Of course, now your honeymoon is ruined, says the Hungarian aristocrat.

I have no idea what's going on and I still can't find a good synonym for 'fragmentary' - but the atmosphere is brilliant, as is the dialogue. Another demonstration of the range of the prose poem.

B+

*

The Ladder
by Elizabeth Robinson

Eight or so lines in the middle of each page. A man and a woman are climbing a ladder. 'Between each rung, the world is a different colour. Like a lens suspended. These frivolous rungs and their stains.' I enjoyed that up to 'frivolous'. In what way is a rung
frivolous? In that it isn't.

The kind of Poetry Voice that sounds like fingers down a blackboard to me: 'Rather than anything else, she rose up to qualify what spilled from overhead.' Gah! People obviously like this sort of weighty, portentous, meaningless stuff - it gets published and awarded frequently - but I'm yet to find a convincing argument for what it's trying to do. Make us see the world in a more affected light?

C-

*

What is a Hexachord
by G. C. Waldrep

Worse than above: 'Have I tailored the sea-gale to any prior fallacy, have I discerned: the germ.' I don't know. I don't want to know. And what's wrong with question marks?

Terrible repetition: 'There is not so much, not so much as I had thought, not much though it is enough, I thought, though I think, though I say, though I will never say it cannot be enough...' ad nauseum
.

It's like trying to untangle a pair of headphones you find at the bottom of a desk drawer. Broken headphones.

Look at me with a straight face and tell me you think it's good writing
and not just the outpourings of a note-book-filler with a Samuel Beckett fixation. Go on! Tell me!

When set alongside a genuine talent like Joyelle McSweeney, this is morbidly unexciting.

D-

*

Page 42
by Martha Ronk

Four page story about someone who never gets past the same page (p. 42) of their novel. 'And nothing has yet happened really to the main character, nothing has moved him forward, and he hasn't yet figured anything out...'

Quite funny and well written, but too long and a bit derivative of Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveller
.

B-

*
Where Passion Becomes Sound
by George Looney

'Touch is redefined each time dolphins make love.' Prose poetry of the short, whimsical variety - and all the better for it.

B+

*

Oh Never to Have Been
by Raymond Federman

The main character of this eight page homage to Samuel Beckett (addressed with a matey 'Sam' throughout) is called Moinous. 'Me We', I guess. Me We has lots of conclusions to share with us: 'The third conclusion declares that Moinous conducts his life as a heroic self-construction.'

Lots of lists and permutations which, like the title, are more pale imitation of Beckett than inspired by him or extending his aesthetic and ethos.

Gosh, contemporary writers and their lack of ambition! The elevation of past talents until their biographies outsell their actual work! As if the last great thing had been written so all we can do is repeat the celebrities of the past! As if the most profound thing we can hope to say in our work is, 'I've read Samuel Beckett!'

This is like Wes Anderson remaking Psycho
frame-by-frame. Just put some flowers on his grave and make your own movies, won't you?

D-

*

Clown
by Harold Jaffe

Really nasty story (and it's totally a story - it isn't prose poetry or flash fiction and sticks out of the anthology like a hacked-off limb) about John Wayne Gacy from the POV of a man who befriends him before his execution. The narrator, (a knowingly arrogant and inarticulate voice), serially befriends serial killers before they are executed and then says something unpleasant to them before they die as a kind of revenge or something.

Hmm. Tawdry.

And it comes from Jaffe's book called 15 Serial Killers
. He's obviously a good writer, but, aside from a passing morbid thrill (A weekend-colour-supplement kind of morbid thrill), I don't know what to make of the work. Is the narrator as wicked and psychotic as the serial killers he torments? Do we care?

Maybe this is a generational thing, but I saw Silence of the Lambs
when I was a kid and was pretty much over the whole public-fascination-with-psychotic-murderers before adolescence. Don't they have museums and theme-parks about serial-killers now? Is 15 Serial Killers going to be on sale in the souvenir shops?

I'm so bored of serial-killers I could weep. Excellent dialogue and voice, though.

A+ for the writing
C- for the idea

*

Fairytale
by Garry LaFemina

Lots of incongruous fun to be had with this stately old sub-genre - the updated fairytale. Here with an added twist of self-awareness. 'She was not your usual witch. She was a very contemporary witch; she didn't ride a broom, she drove a vacuum
cleaner. She'd gone to therapy.' When it comes to American humorists, particularly of this kind, I've read funnier stuff on Dave Eggers's McSweeney's Internet Concern
and The Onion. But it always takes poetry a while to catch up with the reader's sense of humour, so I'll forgive it.

B-

*

Marco Gets Fingered
by Peter Conners

The start of the poem seems to concern Marco inserting a toilet cubicle door-handle up his bottom.

Some good stuff about Marco ruining tubes of lipstick as a child, 'twisting until the shapely conical edge smashed flat.'; and some top-notch paranoia: 'All the world was swearing at Marco. Two people swore at Marco. Others were perhaps thinking of swearing at Marco. Which is sometimes, but not usually, as bad as swearing at Marco.' Makes the reader feel as uncomfortable as Marco presumably does.

I have limited patience for work that tries to shock me ('Droplets?... Bloody ringlets?'), but this is more interesting than that.

B+

*

Araby
by Joyelle McSweeney

Great stuff again (although I prefer 'Apolegit') - some beautiful synechdochal colour stuff. And it's from the POV of a chaise lounge. Gorgeous, rapid sentences full of pleasing, surprising phrases. 'What god would try so poorly to disguise hisself?'; 'The latest journeymen are pornographers of scale.'

I love experimental poetry provided the bag of things it throws in my face are thought-provoking or funny or, in just some little way, coherent to their own logic.

McSweeney's technique works because she is always clear on what she's disrupting: language and meaning rather than sentence structure. When a hackneyed or 'poetic' phrase is turned on its head, as in 'The degrading solace of the sea.', she leaves it at that - rather than writing it backwards or chucking in a few extra adjectives. The reader is free to marvel at the writer's playfulness and subversion of meaning. Whether that meaning is civic, rhetorical or even poetic. And that's a fine thing for poetry to do, no? I get the sense that this is what most avant-garde
poets have been trying to do for decades - but they get distracted by their own theories. Or they're just not very good. One of the two.

A

*

Capturing the Shadow Puppets
by Derek White

Possibly my favourite piece in the anthology. 'It started to rain, which was our cue to catch wild gods.' Funny and evocative. Clear narrative (and I suspect it would fall under the FF part of the anthology title), but it has the feel of a prose poem - of the fictional journal-entry kind. Nightmarish (as in dream-like) without being at all self-indulgent. Derek White is a name to watch.

A+

*

Self-Portrait with Apologia
by Brian Johnson

Baroque sensibility reminiscent of early Ashbery: 'The most festive of operas has a dark coloring, similar to the men in black at a garden party. The hats are so cheerful, the audience may be misled.' Turns into a kind of love song. Reference to King Lear actually justified.

B+

*

Falling Moon, Rising Stars
by Christina Boyka Kluge

Experimental short fiction in which the chapters have titles like The Underpants Tree
and The Orange Mummy. The story concerns Alice, an eighty-year-old pregnant woman and Alban, a teenager who idolises her. The narrative thrust of the story: Alban climbing a tree outside her window and falling, along with Alice, out of said tree. We're definitely in magic realist territory, then - a side-effect of which is that I don't care about the characters, coupled with the uncomfortable sense that I'm supposed to find them charming and whimsical.

I think they both die. 'Alban, now hollowed and still, sleeps eternally against the gurgling earth. His offspring busily suckle at the roots of the mighty trees...' Magic realism on peyote.

B-

*

The Amityville Horror
by Arielle Greenberg

This has the structure of a Madlib - a passage of prose with all the adjectives or nouns removed so that the reader can fill them in with hilarious consequences. Greenberg has, instead, removed conjunctions and pronouns. As some of the sentences are incomplete and oddly structured in the first place, this is can be quite annoying. On third or fourth read-through, it starts to work, though.

'One night _____ walked until night was gone, a neighborhood of very new houses. Was this the same silver street? _____ didn't fear _____ soprano, or the abnormal smear of _____ lynched sex, but _____ father drove _____ home in a scotch glass and this was alien. _____ sat in _____ stomach.'

It begins, 'Hey, Eloquence.'

Funny, alarming, and original.

A-

*

The Work of Art as Seen from Barnard's Star
by Dimitri Anastasopoulos

On the chart of pre-approved Poetry Voices, this piece falls somewhere between Kooky Spiritualist ('The universe is the not-me. The struggle against the universe.') and Instruction Manual ('This is why men drink from streams but not from oceans. This is why the earth quakes when the sky breaks open a storm.') with a dash of Zen Nihilist ('Even the cruellest death is no more significant than cutting off a head of cabbage.').

C

*

Hunt Mountain
by Alison Townsend

Brilliant opening sentence: 'When the night my stepbrother put his wrists through the window became the summer we had to hide all the sharp objects in the house...' This is very much an autobiographical prose-voice. It uses none of the techniques of poetry and the only thing that makes it admissible for this anthology is that it is under two pages long. Any longer and it would have to be classified as a short story, no two ways about it.

And yet, were it included in a collection of poetry, I would have no problem accepting it as a prose interlude and, therefore, a kind of prose poem. I'm not sure what Townsend would call it: her author biog states that she is interested, among other things, in creative non-fiction.

Story gets a bit lost in flora and fauna, but nonetheless beautifully written.

B

*

You Just Keep Going (Tong'Len #1)
by Ethan Paquin

Like a blues lyric. 'you just keep going and so does night, slow wheels and soda can fizz... you just keep going buoys, you just keep on because the ships all need you.' This has the ring of authenticity to it.

A

*

This is the Beginning of Time
by Sherrie Flick

Some great concrete images that place the reader right by Flick's side. 'I raise my finger. The bartender looks away.'; 'Like the cord in the subway car. I finger the dirty cord, watch it stretched taut - vibrating, wondering.'

The prose poem becomes a meditation on fictional memory - the power of writing to evoke events and senses the reader and writer have never experienced, perhaps. 'I have memories, sensual memories, about things that have never existed. That thin layer of white chocolate on top of the cherry cheesecake...' But it turns out that all of these memories are about pies of one sort or another. Makes me hungry.

B-

*

Testimony
by Kim Addonizio

Brilliant. Essentially a breathless monologue from an AA meeting. 'Okay sometimes I do drink alone why not, who the fuck are you to judge you're not getting me to hold hands with a bunch of losers pumped up on coffee and cigarettes in this crummy New Jersey church basement and recite the Lord's prayer.'

What could be didactic, confessional or (worst of all) mocking satire, is handled masterfully. Genuine characterisation and voice, funny and sad, desperate and intelligent. This is from her 1999 collection In the Box Called Pleasure
- a copy of which I am ordering as we speak.

A+

*

Reproduction Synthesis
by Mark Tursi

This starts with an epigram by Baudelaire. Never use an epigram that makes your own writing pale in comparison. Shakespeare knew that. Especially when your own writing is a tribute to the author of the epigram. 'Reproduction Synthesis' contains mirrors and self-introspection and all the other Baudelaire mainstays, but leaves out his truculent wit in favour of a generic self-questioning Poetry Voice.

'It is not stockings after all, but a slight scar. No, it is not really a scar, but the memory of one that happened long ago, perhaps during childhood.'

But it's still visible enough to be confused with stockings? Um... That'll be a scar, then.

As a flaneur tribute, this is so-so. As an original piece of writing? Yawn.

C-

*

Kitchen on Fire
by Ted Pelton

One of those Oulipo automatic-writing exercises where you're given four words that have to be included in every paragraph - in this case: 'the fire / the guitar / the cowboy hat'. Great first paragraph: 'I was making an omelette in the kitchen. I was using the guitar to break the eggs...' But the idea eventually collapses under the weight of cutesy Beckett-esque permutations and lists. I've been trying to knock this kind of thing on the head in my own writing, hence the minus.

B-

*

Topographical Models, 1:1
by Benjamin Paloff

So a scale of 1:1 means the same size for the model/map as the territory itself; 'a full-scale reproduction of everything.' This is a neat gag, but one already explored by Jorge Luis Borges and a Czech sculptor called Langweil whose 'paper model of Prague' was 'detailed down to the very cracks in bricks...' - both of whom the poet quotes here. So more borrowed profundity. Name-checking a genius is never
a good idea.

'In our much grander design...' says Paloff in the next paragraph - and proceeds to delineate nothing quite as grand as having had the idea in the first place might have been.

D

*

A Pair of Hose Trimmed with Button Eyes, a Lipstick Mouth, Manipulated by so Many Fingers
by Christina Milletti

Another messed-up magic-realist corporeal horror story. A man stands there while a doctor pulls things out of his wife. The doctor's eventual diagnosis is great: ''The thermostat,' he said, 'is set way too high. The men need shovels. The women hats. The stockyards are out of curry. There are squirrels in every turbine ... Your currency is worthless. Army tanks patrol the beach...'' And so on.

B+

*

Five Postcards from an Athens-Bound Plane
by Nickole Brown

People (people who aren't poets) don't actually send postcards from aeroplanes - they tend to wait until they reach their destination and have something nice to say about it.

Airport description followed by pedestrian observations about flying: 'I pray when the wheels go up, sister. Because nothing but air sustains us then.'; 'a sink you have to fill to get water from.'; 'this trip is too scheduled for me, one wake-up call after the next.'; 'people are not pretty on planes.' Pity us poor poets, for whom even getting up in the morning is a note-worthy hardship.

Reading this is like talking to a neurotic stranger on a plane, i.e. tedious.

D

*

The Box
by Eula Biss

Parallel between black box recordings from plane crashes and piecing together her parent's relationship. Rich with the observations of a depressive mother: 'I'm amazed that more people don't commit suicide. They just keep on living. It's so hard and they just keep doing it.' Lots of eloquent complaining about having children and people not recognising your literary talents - the kind of things most people have to deal with, really, but made to sound like extraordinary suffering. Masterfully done, but rather joyless.

B

*

The Glass Girl
by Aimee Parkinson

'Over the years, men drank and drank until there were only two sips left inside.' There's a meticulousness to that sentence I really like. Mysterious, lyrical yet specific. Fine writing.

A

*

But
by Kim Addonizio

Another booze-fuelled prose poem - this one about a disastrous marriage. What I love about Addonizio's work is the sense of well-written character
. It's a depressingly rare quality in poetry; most poets opt for boring introspection and self-reflection - hence lots of poems about being a poet. Addonizio shows what can be achieved if you just open your eyes and look at the fucking world around you and maybe reflect on that instead. This alone would set her a mile above most poets, but she's also a brilliant, observant writer. What's more, she's writing about stuff as insular and self-obsessed as alcoholism and hedonism and still manages to make it swing. Genius.

A+

*

Revery and Recall
by Elizabeth Robinson

Short prose poem, a little abstracted in the middle, but a great opening line: 'The dream stood aside and told me it would be called 'the dispirited small ditch,' and taught me to stand aside as well.' Okay, I don't mind self-reflection when it's handled as well as that.

B+

*

Elevation
by Nina Shope

Letters to someone called M. from a woman with the initial N. Probably Shope. The smugness of a memoirist: 'I try to leave as little trace of myself as possible - Lysoling the computer keyboard after I have used it, walking so lightly that I do not leave footprints or a single smudge of dirt behind me. I know there is something urgent in this. I do not want to create a trail - anything that could be followed.'

Hmm. Why, in that case, are you writing and publishing poems? The tone throughout this long, epistolary piece is similarly self-important.

'Do you think it was strange that even though we were both Jewish, we would walk into churches and rub ourselves with dirt that was supposed to heal believers? [...] I remember sitting underneath the Santuario's famous staircase [...] We said this place would heal us both. Even when we knew it would not.'

I don't think it was strange - I think it was unbearably pretentious.

C-

*

Pilgrim
by Ed Taylor

For such a risky, leftfield collection (complete with School of Quietude bashing) PP/FF
contains a fair whack of hero-worship. Taylor writes without capital letters and name-checks e. e. cummings. Far worse than using an epigram by a really, really famous writer is name-checking a really, really famous writer within the body of your poem. Predictably enough, the poem is a bit like e. e. cummings. But not as good.

Imagine going to see a small theatre company in Bristol; instead of following their script, the actors just repeat the names of more famous actors over and over again.

You wouldn't accept it from a theatre company, so why accept it from a poet?

D-

*

Date Unknown (Who is Talking / Who is Remembering) (from The Book of John
) by Eleni Sikelianos

Blimey, that's a lot of titles. This reads like an all-night speed-induced notebook rampage, full of gems like 'Truth lies in the mind' and 'The moral is the story, and the story is a life'. Like Oasis lyrics once Noel Gallagher got really
pretentious. Some good landscapes, some nice stuff about aliens, but let's not let a new form excuse that which blighted the novel forty years ago.

D

*

The Invention of Where
by Thom Ward

Another sub-genre: the list of questions. The first one is brilliant: 'How do you keep the four guys who hate you away from the five who are undecided?' After that it gets a bit quirky and derivative. I'd let 'stand-up tragedy' go, but come on
- it's from a really well-known Maxine Chernoff prose poem. Either Ward lifted it or hasn't read Chernoff, in which case, what is he doing writing prose poetry?

C

*

Uncle
by Gary Lutz

Some poets are genuinely worthy of teaching composition. Lutz is one such poet - he writes with brilliant, detailed clarity: 'Mornings, she would struggle to the kitchen faucet and put a finger to the underside of the spout. There was usually enough water still hanging from it for the finger to come away with a big, rudimentary drop. This she would use to loosen the crumbles of sleep from the corners of her eyes. Breakfast was just soda she stirred bubbleless with a paper straw.'

A

*

Apples the Eat Boy
by Brian Clements

The title is from a Descriptivist essay by Stephen Pinker I happened to be reading recently. It's a beautifully mangled phrase - and a total throw-away in the essay, so full-marks to Clements for refurbishing it.

A parable compressing a mythical life-story into two paragraphs. Clements makes the form his own here, avoiding Edsonian quirkiness. Religious overtones ('He said, eat your bread. It is the white of my apple.') echo Oscar Wilde's prose poetry. This is how absurdism should be done - with restraint and control.

A

*

Where his Mother Paints
by Chris Mazza

Memoir prose-poem with lots of concrete detail, but somehow misses the mark. The poem charts the history of the poet's childhood room - the changes it undergoes when he leaves and comes back. This is good material, but the details aren't especially interesting or remarkable: 'the room smelled of socks, school lunches hidden and rotting in the closet [...] The walls had been painted: green.' Not bad, but not that good either.

C+

*

The Lightbulb
by Martha Ronk

This is a story about a woman having an affair with a man who's wife [the man's] her husband cheated on her [the woman] with. I can't be bothered to rephrase that.

Some great stuff about memory; the locations seem more evocative to the narrator than the events that took place there. 'lost in a kind of washed melancholy which depends, I am certain, not on the play of memory [...] but simply on the light from the lightbulb itself.'

Narrative slowly unfolds via such meditations. Raises interesting questions about what is permissible and possible in narrative prose poetry that isn't in the traditional short story. A certain incantatory repetition and focus on one memory/idea. Still wouldn't look out of place in a short-story collection, though.

A-

*

Poems from Real
by Stephen Ratcliffe

That this poem is reproduced in an old-fashioned type-writer font emphasises the fast-typing beat-generation thing. There is a certain teenage austerity and over-explanation (standing in for insight) to the sentences: 'The blond woman thinking woman who wakes up in the middle of the night thinking of the man is probably contemplating exchange of bodily fluids.' Rubbish.

D

*

Tomato London
by Geoffrey Gatza

I'm ambivalent. Not least because of Gatza's bio in which he takes a pop at the 'insidious school of quietude' - which is shorthand for 'Notice me, Ron Silliman!' and really quite tiresome. Is there any place for this kind of factional whinging in a non-partisan anthology wherein the full gamut of poetic styles thrives untroubled by divisive squabbling?

Nope. If you're a published poet with several readers and you teach on ANY creative writing course (even Naropa School of Disembodied Poetics), you are part of the problem you seem to think exists. Only, aside from your insidious jealousy, there is
no problem. It's just that the School of Quietude are slightly more commercially successful - which is what you seem to want for yourself. Stop being such goddamn hypocrites.

Okay, onto the poem. If pigeons were avant-garde
American poets, this is the kind of thing they'd write. Occasional problem with tone: 'All took notice of us, how could they not?' sounds awfully precious compared to 'Gave me a shackle and I was out of my mind for weeks.' Maybe deliberate, but the anachronism is grating.

Some good parodies of received wisdom: 'Life is a series of choices, and if I had purpose in my hikes, all of life would, or could be, food.'

And let's be honest, apart from pointing out how slippery language is, this is what avant-garde poetry is for
- a sort of low-level satire of public opinion and habit. I've certainly never seen it trying to do anything else.

On the other hand, this is a marvellous feat of the imagination. A kind of psychosexual-pigeon-drama. And it's funny.

A+

*

Hometown
by Stuart Dybek

Pretty standard stuff compared to 'Tomato London'. Man walks around hometown with girlfriend, contemplating the nature of hometowns. '...reminds him of playing outfield for the hometown team by the floodlights of tractors and combines and an enormous, rising moon.'

Dybek is published by Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, so let's assume he'd be seen as School of Quietude. Also, his aesthetic and technique are quite conservative - if not the very thing Gatza is sending up in 'Tomato London'. The difference between the SoQ and the avant-garde
is often negligible, but here it is stark. A mischievous and amusing editorial decision? Maybe.

B-

*

Bohemian Rhapsody
by Daniel Nester

This is from God Save my Queen
, Nester's prose poetry tribute to the band. It's very funny. Another one for the to-buy list.

A

*

Mr. Agreeable
by Kirk Nesset

Sometimes the only difference between a narrative prose poem (this is too long to be flash fiction) and a short story proper is the tone. The narrative prose poem must have a strong, consistent conceit - and preferably be in second-person perspective. Here the protagonist ('you') is obsessively agreeable. Mordant and witty observations. 'Your agreeability, alas, makes you the ideal listener.'

His wife leaves him, his daughter is committed, he gets mugged.

B+

*

The Porous Umbrella
by Christopher Kennedy

Twee. '...follow the herd with their intact parasols, while I create the illusion that I'm dry. But I say join me in my surreptitious drench...'

No thank you - your Victorian clown voice scares me.

C-

*

The Order I Remember Our Roadside Reunion In
by Jeff Parker

Parker is an excellent writer, notwithstanding the flagrancy he ends a sentence in a preposition with. This poem narrates a disastrous trip to his ex-girlfriend and ex-best-friend's wedding in which the poet abandons his car and runs through the rain, only to fall and be punctured by a stick. His ex-girlfriend finds him.

'Is that you?' she said
'I have a stick through my scrotum,' I said.

A

*

Soft Touch
by Arielle Greenberg

Through traditional qualities of good writing such as interesting detail and strong characterisation, this is another winner. Greenberg documents a 'slight shift' in perception with powerful clarity. The narrator's husband starts experiencing her as two people. ''Is the other Cathy like me?' I asked him. 'Oh, no,' he said. 'You're a lot easier to talk to.' And I felt a little bad for Cathy then.'

A+

*

Same Game
by Anthony Tognazzini

Guy waits at bus-stop, has interesting conversation with small girl. 'Finally, she said, 'You look sad. Where are you going?''

As Witty-and-Incongruous-Conversations-with-Children poems go, this is well-orchestrated, but unremarkable.

B-

*

Paris: A Brief Descriptive Catalogue (from The Paris Stories
) by Laird Hunt

Laird Hunt? That's what Faber&Faber's talent scouts go on, isn't it? Arf!

This is very much like one of Robert Lax's Tagbuchs
- a journal / notebook of interesting observations, snippets of dialogue and quotations. It's good as an example of the breadth of prose poetry. Orpheus and Flaubert. Blah blah blah. Drops a grade for name-dropping - I've totally had it with name-dropping. The only poem in the history of poetry that's allowed to name-drop is 'You, Andrew Marvell'.

The narrator is very tired and spends most of his time asleep - which is quite funny.

B-

*

Christine
by Tony Leuzzi

This prose poem gets a special award for being the shortest in the anthology Deliberately insubstantial - like the 'men's hands' that 'brushed lightly against her skirt...' To quote more would be in breach of copyright

B+

*

Visit to her Husband
by Lydia Davis

Much better poem from Lydia Davis. Evocative focus on insignificant detail that afflicts anyone in an extreme emotional situation. 'As they are getting ready to go out, she begins to tell him the story of how she met her lover. While she is talking he discovers that he has lost one of his expensive gloves and he is immediately upset and distracted...'

Lavishness doesn't quite hit the mark: 'Later he tells her happily how he has bought his girlfriend shoes for eighty dollars because he loves her so much.'

Eighty dollars? Where were they from - Shoe Value
? My brand-x loafers cost more than that.

Still, I guess Davis isn't so bad after all.

A

*

Nine November
by Sally Keith

First sentence - 'Not I.' - gave me a coughing fit. But it gets less Becketty from there. Seems to be a riff on the old 'If a tree falls in the forest and nobody's around to see it...' koan.

'Light in the alley. Because I looked.'

Coincidence that we'd call the title date 9/11? Not sure.

B-

*

The Listener
by Aimee Parkinson

Dogs. Lyrical. Pastoral.

'Crouching low as she swung, she amused her sister inside feeding the dogs bread from her mouth. They leapt up to her lips delicately as in a kiss.'

B

*

Notes for the Novice Ventriloquist
by Gary LaFemina

Brilliant. I take back what I said about humorous poetry never being as funny as McSweeney's Internet Tendency. LaFemina is a comic genius:

Say hello, Dummy
Fuck you.

A+

*

Victim
by Pedro Ponce

Victim in a horror film has self-awareness. Police cars wait outside the house for her to die. The poetic equivalent of the Scream
franchise.

C

*

The Postmodern Artist
by Raymond Fedeman

You have got
to be kidding!

Begins: 'One day he decided to paint on the walls of his studio everything that was inside the room.' Concludes: '...[he] began to sketch a picture of himself sitting at the desk sketching himself.'

Reminds me of a joke:

Q: What's deader than postmodernism?
A: Self-referential jokes about postmodernism.
Q: This isn't a very funny joke, is it?
A: [Dies.]


D-

*

Shotgun Wedding in the Ribcage of the Bourgeoisie
by Johannes Gšrannson

Okay, that's a fucking awful
title, but the poem is stunning. From the hysterical sublime to the beautifully observed detail: 'Their long and slender fingers would be better suited to playing the piano than picking splinters out of little girls' hair.'

Gšrannson is a poet following his own agenda and aesthetic - and its a good one. A kind of propulsive, cathartic chaos, taking in what can and can't be said, treading the line of social acceptability - and forcing us to ask ourselves why that is. Effective self-referentialism at times reminiscent of the English prose poet Paul Sutton; 'I erased the final paragraph because I don't want to be fired.'

A+

*

Garker's Aestheticals
by Brian Evenson

'It were a word. It name were God.' Prisoner with a fractured voice. Smells bad. Writes on the wall with his own excrement. The voice is really good, actually. Sort of Ridley Walker
-esque. 'Bleakly comic' - The Times.

This is how somebody who has been influenced
by Samuel Beckett writes. Notice how he doesn't mention Beckett in the poem or rip-off Beckett's ideas wholesale.

A

*

CONCLUSION

For all my prior suspicion, Conners's anthology actually is
refreshingly non-partisan - only not along the same lines as it's set up to be. Rather than bridging the imagined schism between prose poetry and flash fiction, PP/FF is a kind of earthly paradise where the Language Poet lies down with the self-absorbed memoirist, the bourgeois Fabulist picks fleas off the back of the avant-garde Maoist and everyone wears lovely party clothes - or a nice new boiler suit.

There are names here you'd never come across from reading the hardback almanacs of the American establishment - Kim Addonizio, Johannes Gorannson, Arielle Greenberg and Derek White to name a few - and they are among the most interesting writers in U.S. letters at the moment.

Despite its lousy title and accidentally off-putting academic stance, PP/FF
should replace the copy of Great American Prose Poems on every bookshelf and library and potential literature course in transatlantic academia. It looks sort of print-on-demand, so the pages will go all wavy and the cover will peel within a month, but that won't change the quality of the writing therein/on.


© Luke Kennard 2006


PS (August 2006)
"In a gentlemanly riposte, Mr. Conners points out that the anthology is not print-on-demand at all and thus will not warp in the manner I suggest. Indeed, I have had my copy for almost two months, have travelled with it and read it in numerous locations and it is still in beautiful condition. I retract my statement and apologise for its innacuracy and jerk-yness. As ever, my flippancy and subjectivity are to be amended at reader's discretion."